While diagnostic protocols have always been assessed for their efficacy, with the increasing supply of data and emphasis on patient- and value-based systems, there is a need for clinicians, purchasers, policy makers and those at an executive level to be more knowledgeable about how to compare the benefits and harms of diagnostic imaging methods to prevent, diagnose, treat and monitor a clinical condition, or to improve the delivery of care. RSNA created the Comparative Effectiveness Research courses to provide basic introductory knowledge of CER concepts and research within the field of radiology.

Content Areas (Codes):
The following Content Areas will be printed on the certificate for this course:

• Health Policy
• Research and Statistical Methods
• Safety and Quality

Learning Objectives:

• Define basic health services research (HSR) terms and approaches.
• Describe basic study designs used in HSR.
• Define and describe the concepts of evidence-based medicine and study design components.
• Describe how to develop an appropriate research question.
• Define and describe the concept of health technology assessment (HTA) and provide examples of international evidence review organizations.
• Describe basic study designs used in HSR and how they may be applied to radiology.
• Discuss the concept of intermediate outcomes in relation to diagnostic tests.
• Describe a technical hierarchy relevant to radiology and health services research.
• Describe the concepts of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values applied to diagnostic tests.
• Describe the concept of empirical studies which use health services research approaches.
• Discuss the concept of geographic variability and how it may be assessed for healthcare use and medical imaging.
• Describe an example of an empirical assessment of medical diagnostic imaging in the United States.
• Describe the basic components of a low back pain registry in older adults in the United States and discuss the types of data which may be collected longitudinally in observational comparative effectiveness studies.
• Identify key variables to assess and adjust for statistically in relation to patient-reported outcomes in low back pain studies conducted in multiple health systems.
• Describe an observational comparative effectiveness research study in older adults with low back pain comparing an early-imaging cohort with a matched cohort not receiving early imaging.

This enduring material is estimated to take 2 hours and 45 minutes to complete.

Start Date: 5/23/2022
End Date for CME Eligibility/Online Expiration Date: 5/22/2025

Original Start Date: 5/3/2016
Original Expiration Date: 5/21/2022
Review Date: 1/19/2022

Planners/Faculty:

• Brian W. Bresnahan, PhD
• Jeffrey G. Jarvik, MD, MPH

Disclosure Statements:
RSNA controls the planning, development, and delivery of this CME activity and will strictly adhere to the Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education established by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME).

Listed below are all the financial relationships provided by individuals in a position to influence and/or control CME activity content. All the relevant financial relationships listed for these individuals have been mitigated. Please note that any individuals not listed below have reported no financial relationships (currently or within the past 24 months) with any ineligible company producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing health care products used on or by patients. 

• Brian W. Bresnahan, PhD: Stockholder, Johnson & Johnson.
• Jeffrey G. Jarvik, MD, MPH: Royalties, Springer Publishing, LLC, Co-editor, Springer Publishing, LLC, Travel Support, General Electric Company, Royalties, Wolters Kluwer NV

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Accreditation and Designation Statements:
This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint providership of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), the American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR), and the Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation (SIRF). The RSNA is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

This enduring material can be applied towards the ABR MOC self-assessment requirement (SA-CME).

To earn CME credit, participants must correctly answer a minimum of 80% of the post-test questions and complete the course evaluation.

The RSNA designates this enduring material for a maximum of 2.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits ™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Price:
Non-member Rate: $0.00
Member Rate: $0.00

Refund / Exchange Policy:
RSNA will not issue any refunds or exchanges for online only versions of educational products or activities purchased online. Please review the entire product or activity description prior to purchase.

RSNA Disclaimer:
The opinions or views expressed in this activity are those of the presenters and do not necessarily reflect the opinions, recommendations, or endorsement of the RSNA. Participants should critically appraise the information presented and are encouraged to consult appropriate resources for information surrounding any product or device mentioned. Information presented, as well as publications, technologies, products and/or services discussed, are intended to inform the learner about the knowledge, techniques, and experiences of RSNA faculty who are willing to share such information with colleagues. The RSNA disclaims any and all liability for damages to any individual user for all claims which may result from the use of said information, publications, technologies, products and/or services, and events.