Refresher Courses are recorded courses captured at past RSNA Annual Meetings. Most courses include an audio-visual presentation, as well as a corresponding transcript. The online Refresher Courses are free to members.

Content Areas (Codes):
The following Content Areas will be printed on the certificate for this course:

• Computed Tomography
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Emergency Radiology

Course Learning Objectives:

• Discuss the variability in and appropriateness of advanced imaging utilization and address potential sources of variability in practice.
• Review utilization control strategies and their effectiveness in improving imaging appropriateness, including clinical decision support.
• Discuss PAMA legislation and its implications for radiology.
• Discuss the key components of CT protocols that are appropriate for thoracic imaging in the emergency department setting.
• Review indications and protocols for MRI of the thorax in the emergency department setting.
• Identify potential pitfalls and artifacts which may be encountered on CT and MRI of the thorax that are relevant to imaging in the emergency department.
• Review the basic principles of dual energy CT/Spectral imaging.
• Discuss novel techniques implemented using dual energy CT in the acute setting including: material characterization/decomposition, bone subtraction, virtual non-contrast, iodine distribution maps and monoenergetic spectral imaging.
• Explain the utility of dual energy/spectral imaging in the acute care setting with examples in cardiopulmonary imaging, vascular imaging, intracranial aneurysms and stroke imaging, blunt vascular neck injuries, abdominal imaging and musculoskeletal applications.
• Identify clinical scenarios where MR or CT would be appropriate for the evaluation of emergency musculoskeletal conditions.
• Explain emergency department musculoskeletal CT protocols for detection of pathology.
• Explain emergency department musculoskeletal MR protocols for detection of pathology.

This enduring material is estimated to take 1 hour and 45 minutes to complete.

Online Course Start Date: 12/6/2017
End Date for CME Eligibility/Online Expiration Date: 12/5/2020

This educational activity was originally presented at the RSNA 2016 Annual Meeting and Scientific Assembly.

Authors:

• Bruce E. Lehnert, MD
• Constantine A. Raptis, MD
• Savvas Nicolaou, MD
• Meir H. Scheinfeld, MD, PhD

Disclosure Statements:
The ACCME requires that the RSNA, as an accredited provider of CME, disclose the relevant financial relationships of the planners, faculty, and any other individuals in a position to control content of this activity. If there is a relevant financial relationship that has been disclosed please find it below:

• Suhny Abbara, MD: Author, Reed Elsevier; Editor, Reed Elsevier; Institutional Research Agreement, Koninklijke Philips NV, Siemens AG.
• David A. Bluemke, MD, PhD: Research support, Siemens AG.
• William W. Boonn, MD: Founder, Montage Healthcare Solutions, Inc; President, Montage Healthcare Solutions, Inc; Shareholder, Montage Healthcare Solutions, Inc, Nuance Communications, Inc.
• Kristy K. Brock, PhD: License agreement, RaySearch Laboratories AB; Development agreement, Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
• Dorothy I. Bulas, MD: Editor, Wolters Kluwer NV.
• Dominik Fleischmann, MD: Research support, Siemens AG.
• Brian S. Funaki, MD: Data Safety Monitoring Board, Novate Medical Ltd.
• Jean-Francois H. Geschwind, MD: Consultant, BTG International Ltd, Bayer AG, Guerbet SA, Sterigenics International, LLC, Koninklijke Philips NV, Jennerex Biotherapeutics, Inc; Grant, BTG International Ltd, Bayer AG, Koninklijke Philips NV, Sterigenics International LLC, Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Guerbet SA; Founder and CEO, PreScience Labs, LLC.
• Christopher P. Hess, MD, PhD: Research Grant, General Electric Company, Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, Cerebrotech Medical Systems, Inc; Speaker, Siemens AG.
• Vincent B. Ho, MD, MBA: In-kind support, General Electric Company.
• Herbert Y. Kressel, MD: Stockholder, Pfizer Inc, GlaxoSmithKline plc.
• Cherie M. Kuzmiak, DO: Research Grant, FUJIFILM Holdings Corporation.
• Simon S. Lo, MD: Research support, Elekta AB; Travel support, Accuray Incorporated; Speaker, Accuray Incorporated.
• H. Page McAdams, MD: Research Grant, General Electric Company; Consultant, MedQIA Imaging Core Laboratory; Author, Reed Elsevier; Author, UpToDate, Inc; Research Consultant, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Boehringer-Ingelheim GmbH.
• Charles E. Ray Jr., MD, PhD: Data Safety Monitoring Board, Novate Medical Ltd; Editor, Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc; Consultant, W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc, Medtronic plc.
• Ehsan Samei, PhD: Research Grant, General Electric Company; Research Grant, Siemens AG.
• Stuart G. Silverman, MD: Author, Wolters Kluwer nv.
• Christina I. Tsien, MD: Speaker, Merck & Co, Inc.
• William J. Weadock, MD: Owner, Weadock Software, LLC.
• Charles E. Willis, PhD: Medical Advisory Board, General Electric Company.
• Bruce E. Lehnert, MD: Research support, Koninklijke Philips NV.
• Savvas Nicolaou, MD: Institutional research agreement, Siemens AG.

All other individuals in control of content have indicated that they have no relevant financial relationships to disclose for this activity.

Accreditation and Designation Statements:
The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

This enduring material can be applied towards the ABR MOC self-assessment requirement (SA-CME).

To earn CME credit, participants must correctly answer a minimum of 80% of the post-test questions and complete the course evaluation.

The RSNA designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Price:
Non-member Rate: $50.00
Member Rate: $0.00

Refund / Exchange Policy:
RSNA will not issue any refunds or exchanges for online only versions of educational products or activities purchased online. Please review the entire product or activity description prior to purchase.

RSNA Disclaimer:
The opinions or views expressed in this activity are those of the presenters and do not necessarily reflect the opinions, recommendations or endorsement of the RSNA. Participants should critically appraise the information presented and are encouraged to consult appropriate resources for information surrounding any product or device mentioned. Information presented, as well as publications, technologies, products and/or services discussed, are intended to inform the learner about the knowledge, techniques, and experiences of RSNA faculty who are willing to share such information with colleagues. The RSNA disclaims any and all liability for damages to any individual user for all claims which may result from the use of said information, publications, technologies, products and/or services, and events.