Systematic Approach to Hard Cases: Pediatric 'Neuro-Radiology' Case Based-Review (2021)-W2-CNR07-2021

Video Transcription

Video Summary

In a recent presentation, various experts explored intricate aspects of pediatric neuroradiology, focusing on neonatal and young children's brain imaging, trauma cases, and optic nerve disorders. The session commenced with a focus on neonatal brain MRI, particularly highlighting neonatal encephalopathy often due to hypoxic-ischemic injury. The discussion included an exploration of the tools used for diagnosis, like ultrasound, CT, and MRI, with MRI being preferred for its reliability in assessing causation and prognosis. Specific patterns of injury were examined, emphasizing how different injuries like basal ganglia-predominant ones often signal a sentinel event. <br /><br />The session moved on to discuss approaches in unwitnessed pediatric trauma, stressing the importance of CT scans in identifying acute traumatic injuries and discrepancies in reported injury mechanisms, shedding light on cases that suggest non-accidental trauma. The MRI protocols for non-accidental trauma include evaluations for potential spinal injuries and screening for retinal hemorrhages, crucial in confirming abuse cases. <br /><br />Attention then shifted to pediatric stroke-like symptoms and the imaging strategies used. The session underscored the use of MRI, particularly diffusion-weighted imaging, as the preferred modality due to its sensitivity and lack of radiation exposure, although CT and CTA are viable alternatives when MRI is unavailable. <br /><br />Furthermore, discussions included pediatric orbit challenges, meticulously outlining differential diagnoses for optic nerve swelling and orbital masses, utilizing MRI protocols to distinguish conditions like optic neuritis and rhabdomyosarcoma. The session provided valuable insights into using imaging techniques to discern specific patterns associated with various conditions, offering better diagnostic clarity and patient management strategies.

Keywords

pediatric neuroradiology

neonatal brain MRI

hypoxic-ischemic injury

non-accidental trauma

optic nerve disorders

pediatric trauma

diffusion-weighted imaging

retinal hemorrhages

optic neuritis

rhabdomyosarcoma