Acute Ultrasound Pearls and Pitfalls: Case-based Review (2022)-M6-CMS02-2022

Video Transcription

Video Summary

The session covers various ultrasound techniques and interpretations in diagnosing pediatric abdominal emergencies and other conditions. Key goals include identifying ultrasound findings for common pediatric emergencies, recognizing potential diagnostic pitfalls, and using anatomical landmarks in challenging cases.<br /><br />1. <strong>Pediatric Abdominal Emergencies:</strong><br />   - <strong>Ileo-colic interception:</strong> Ultrasound showing a target appearance in the bowel suggests ileocolic interception, distinguishable by a prominent fat core.<br />   - <strong>Small bowel interception:</strong> Smaller, transient cases can be difficult to diagnose without identifying the terminal ileum versus the ileocecal valve.<br />   - <strong>Acute appendicitis:</strong> Indicated by an enlarged appendix with hyperemia and shadowing, though many cases are equivocal. Differentiating similar conditions is crucial.<br /><br />2. <strong>Common Pitfalls in Ultrasound:</strong><br />   - <strong>Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS):</strong> Demonstrates high-velocity flow changes in the celiac artery, influenced by respiration, detected by ultrasound.<br />   - <strong>SMA Dissection:</strong> Segmentation often missed but detectable by changes in blood flow and anatomy.<br /><br />3. <strong>Adnexal Torsion in Gynecology:</strong><br />   - Understand adnexal torsions through the position and Doppler flow of the ovaries.<br />   - Differentiating isolated fallopian tube torsion using normal ovary appearances and signs of vascular twists.<br /><br />4. <strong>Evaluating for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:</strong><br />   - Recognize patterns of dilated fallopian tubes and inflammatory changes in assessing conditions like salpingitis.<br /><br />5. <strong>MSK and Shoulder Ultrasounds:</strong><br />   - Differentiate between normal anatomical variants and pathological conditions such as longitudinal tendon tears or common extensor tendinosis.<br /><br />Overall, the session emphasizes a comprehensive approach to using ultrasound, stressing combined anatomical understanding and dynamic technique for accurate diagnosis across diverse conditions.

Keywords

pediatric abdominal emergencies

ultrasound techniques

diagnostic pitfalls

anatomical landmarks

adnexal torsion

pelvic inflammatory disease

MSK ultrasound

appendicitis diagnosis

ileocolic interception